Laboratory findings of patients with COVID-19 with chronic airway inflammation on admission
| Normal range | All patients (N=59) | Non-severe patients (n=33) | Severe patients (n=26) | P value | |
| White cell count, ×109/L | 4.00–10.00 | 6.66 (4.54–9.61) | 5.98 (3.71–7.43) | 9.27 (5.86–12.83) | 0.002 |
| <4 | 13 (22) | 9 (27) | 4 (15) | 0.004 | |
| 4–10 | 33 (56) | 22 (67) | 11 (42） | ||
| >10 | 13 (22) | 2 (6) | 11 (43) | ||
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 1.80–6.30 | 4.50 (2.73–7.99) | 4.12 (2.36–5.42) | 8.16 (3.90–12.00) | 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 1.10–3.20 | 0.84 (0.53–1.44) | 1.14 (0.80–1.73) | 0.56 (0.28–0.76) | 0.000 |
| <1.1 | 38 (64) | 16 (48) | 22 (85) | 0.004 | |
| ≥1.1 | 21 (36) | 17 (52) | 4 (15) | ||
| Macrophages, ×109/L | 0.10–0.60 | 0.51 (0.35–0.63) | 0.51 (0.36–0.66) | 0.52 (0.33–0.63) | 0.891 |
| Eosinophil count, ×109/L | 0.02–0.52 | 0.02 (0.00–0.08) | 0.04 (0.02–0.11) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | 0.000 |
| <0.02 | 27 (46) | 8 (24) | 19 (73) | 0.000 | |
| ≥0.02 | 32 (54) | 25 (76) | 7 (27) | ||
| Basophils, ×109/L | 0.00–0.10 | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.657 |
| Haemoglobin, g/L | 130.0–175.0 | 129.0 (112.0–139.0) | 134.0 (116.5–141.0) | 125.5 (109.0–134.8) | 0.184 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 125.0–350.0 | 213.0 (143.0–272.0) | 216.0 (166.0–279.5) | 176.0 (85.5–244.5) | 0.145 |
| <125 | 10 (17) | 2 (6) | 8 (31) | 0.012 | |
| ≥125 | 49 (83) | 31 (94) | 18 (69) | ||
| Ferritin, µg/L | 30–400 | 534.60 (219.80–1355.63) | 293.55 (201.90–581.00) | 1264.20 (577.45–1889.55) | 0.004 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mm/hour | 0–15 | 31.50 (15.00–59.75) | 40.00 (16.50–59.50) | 26.00 (15.00–74.00) | 0.872 |
| D-dimer, µg/mL | ≤0.5 | 1.73 (0.49–2.74) | 0.65 (0.40–2.17) | 2.69 (1.44–8.99) | 0.001 |
| ≤0.5 | 14/57 (25) | 12/31 (39) | 2 (8) | 0.001 | |
| >0.5–≤1 | 7/57 (12) | 6/31 (19) | 1 (4) | ||
| >1 | 36/57 (63) | 13/31 (42) | 23 (88) | ||
| Creatine kinase, U/L | ≤190 | 85.50 (47.50–196.00) | 65.00 (38.00–162.25) | 127.00 (60.50–446.50) | 0.065 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 135–225 | 260.00 (223.00–471.00) | 230.00 (200.00–280.00) | 471.00 (291.00–628.00) | 0.000 |
| ≤225 | 15 (25) | 14 (42) | 1 (4) | 0.001 | |
| >225 | 44 (75) | 19 (58) | 25 (96) | ||
| Hypersensitive troponin I, pg/mL | ≤34.2 | 7.60 (3.03–44.70) | 4.10 (1.95–14.15) | 33.40 (4.55–281.85) | 0.001 |
| ≤34.2 | 40/54 (74) | 27/29 (93) | 13/25 (52) | 0.001 | |
| >34.2 | 14/54 (26) | 2/29 (7) | 12/25 (48) | ||
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | ≤41 | 24.00 (15.00–40.00) | 22.00 (14.00–39.50) | 24.50 (17.50–69.00) | 0.205 |
| ≤41 | 45 (76) | 27 (82) | 18 (69) | 0.259 | |
| >41 | 14 (24) | 6 (18) | 8 (31) | ||
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | ≤40 | 32.00 (19.00–50.00) | 23.00 (18.50–39.50) | 45.50 (21.50–89.25) | 0.003 |
| ≤40 | 37 (63) | 26 (79) | 11 (42) | 0.004 | |
| >40 | 22 (37) | 7 (21) | 15 (58) | ||
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 3.6–9.5 | 5.10 (3.80–8.30) | 4.70 (3.75–5.60) | 7.90 (4.50–15.15) | 0.004 |
| ≤9.5 | 47 (80) | 32 (97) | 15 (58) | 0.000 | |
| >9.5 | 12 (20) | 1 (3) | 11 (42) | ||
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 59–104 | 74.00 (61.00–94.00) | 72.00 (61.00–86.50) | 80.50 (60.00–123.25) | 0.136 |
| ≤104 | 49 (83) | 32 (97) | 17 (65) | 0.001 | |
| >104 | 10 (17) | 1 (3) | 9 (35) | ||
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | <0.05 | 0.08 (0.04–0.31) | 0.04 (0.03–0.07) | 0.18 (0.08–1.37) | 0.000 |
| <0.05 | 18/55 (33) | 17/30 (57) | 1/25 (4) | 0.000 | |
| ≥0.05 | 37/55 (67) | 13/30 (43) | 24/25 (96) | ||
| High-sensitivity C reactive protein, mg/L | <1 | 30.55 (4.33–124.28) | 19.85 (1.93–34.05) | 126.15 (27.68–188.43) | 0.000 |
| <3 | 14/58 (24) | 11/32 (34) | 3 (12) | 0.043 | |
| ≥3 | 44/58 (76) | 21/32 (66) | 23 (88) | ||
| IL-1β, pg/mL | <5 | 5.00 (5.00–5.00) | 5.00 (5.00–5.00) | 5.00 (5.00–5.00) | 0.245 |
| IL-2R, U/L | 223–710 | 645.00 (406.50–1068.00) | 499.50 (337.25–734.25) | 973.00 (602.00–1919.00) | 0.000 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | <7 | 11.59 (2.34–57.00) | 5.68 (1.83–29.56) | 47.42 (8.64–167.20) | 0.002 |
| IL-8, pg/mL | <62 | 14.40 (7.90–47.10) | 11.20 (5.40–21.05) | 34.10 (12.95–81.00) | 0.001 |
| IL-10, pg/mL | <9.1 | 5.00 (5.00–7.20) | 5.00 (5.00–5.00) | 6.30 (5.00–19.45) | 0.001 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | <8.1 | 9.20 (5.75–12.90) | 7.65 (4.60–10.83) | 11.80 (7.50–17.30) | 0.021 |
Data are median (IQR), n (%) or n/N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data.
P values comparing severe with non-severe patients were calculated by χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate.
IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α.