Predictors of severity of COVID-19 in patients with chronic airway diseases
| Univariable OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| White cell count, ×109/L | 1.296 (1.087 to 1.546) | 0.004 | – | – |
| <4 | 0.889 (0.223 to 3.542) | 0.867 | – | – |
| 4–10 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| >10 | 11.000 (2.068 to 58.519) | 0.005 | – | – |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 1.397 (1.136 to 1.718) | 0.002 | – | – |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 0.204 (0.068 to 0.615) | 0.005 | – | – |
| <1.1 | 5.844 (1.649 to 20.712) | 0.006 | – | – |
| ≥1.1 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| Macrophages, ×109/L | 0.792 (0.084 to 7.486) | 0.839 | – | – |
| Eosinophil count, ×109/L* | 5.031×10−8 (3.962×10−14 to 0.064) | 0.019 | – | – |
| <0.02 | 8.482 (2.615 to 27.515) | 0.000 | 10.115 (2.158 to 47.414) | 0.003 |
| ≥0.02 | 1 (ref) | – | 1 (ref) | – |
| Basophils, ×109/L | 0.003 (4.819×10−16 to 10.404×1010) | 0.691 | – | – |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 0.996 (0.990 to 1.001) | 0.117 | – | – |
| <125 | 6.889 (1.317 to 36.042) | 0.022 | – | – |
| ≥125 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 1.002 (1.000 to 1.003) | 0.011 | – | – |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mm/hour | 1.001 (0.980 to 1.023) | 0.896 | – | – |
| D-dimer, µg/mL | 1.305 (0.981 to 1.736) | 0.067 | – | – |
| ≤0.5 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| >0.5–≤1 | 1.000 (0.075 to 13.367） | 1.000 | – | – |
| >1 | 10.615 (2.051 to 54.954) | 0.005 | – | – |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 1.005 (0.999 to 1.010) | 0.090 | – | – |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L* | 1.014 (1.006 to 1.022) | 0.000 | – | – |
| ≤225 | 1 (ref) | – | 1 (ref) | – |
| >225 | 18.421 (2.223 to 152.647) | 0.007 | 22.300 (2.179 to 228.247) | 0.009 |
| Hypersensitive troponin I, pg/mL | 1.012 (0.998 to 1.027) | 0.085 | – | – |
| ≤34.2 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| >34.2 | 0.080 (0.016 to 0.412) | 0.003 | – | – |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 1.040 (1.012 to 1.069) | 0.005 | – | – |
| ≤40 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| >40 | 5.065 (1.618 to 15.853) | 0.005 | – | – |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 1.269 (1.068 to 1.508) | 0.007 | – | – |
| ≤9.5 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| >9.5 | 23.467 (2.769 to 198.859) | 0.004 | – | – |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 1.022 (1.001 to 1.044) | 0.041 | – | – |
| ≤104 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| >104 | 16.941 (1.977 to 145.160) | 0.010 | – | – |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 390.345 (1.993 to 76 464.041) | 0.027 | – | – |
| <0.05 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| ≥0.05 | 31.385 (3.742 to 263.235) | 0.001 | – | – |
| High-sensitivity C reactive protein, mg/L | 1.023 (1.010 to 1.036) | 0.001 | – | – |
| <3 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| ≥3 | 4.016 (0.983 to 16.400) | 0.053 | – | – |
| IL-2R, U/mL | 1.003 (1.001 to 1.004) | 0.005 | – | – |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 1.023 (1.003 to 1.044) | 0.022 | – | – |
| <7 | 1 (ref) | – | – | – |
| ≥7 | 8.000 (1.908 to 33.537) | 0.004 | – | – |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 1.026 (1.002 to 1.051) | 0.030 | – | – |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 1.166 (0.999 to 1.363) | 0.052 | – | – |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 1.178 (1.024 to 1.355) | 0.022 | – | – |
*Per one-unit increase.
IL, interleukin; ref, reference; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α.