Table 3

Study outcomes at 6 months postinterventions

Outcomes	Adequate HL (total 145)			Inadequate HL (total 144)			RAMP-Individual Total	RAMP-Group Total	P value
Outcomes	RAMP-Individual (n=51)	RAMP-Group (n=94)	P value	RAMP-Individual (n=86)	RAMP-Group (n=58)	P value*	RAMP-Individual Total	RAMP-Group Total	P value
Any change of HT drugs Yes	24 (47.1%)	40 (42.6%)	0.602	29 (33.7%)	23 (39.7%)	0.530	53 (38.7%)	63 (41.4%)	0.633
No	27 (52.9%)	54 (57.4%)		57 (66.3%)	35 (60.3%)		84 (61.3%)	89 (58.6%)
Change of body weight (kg, mean±SD)	0.2±1.7	−0.3±2.0	0.213	1.0±1.7	−0.2±1.9	<0.001	0.7±1.7	−0.3±2.0	<0.001
Fasting blood sugar (mmol/l, mean±SD)	5.9±1.1	6.1±1.1	0.205	6.5±1.8	6.2±1.4	0.378	6.2±1.6	6.2±1.2	0.604
Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/l, mean±SD)	3.1±1.0	2.9±0.8	0.330	2.8±0.9	3.1±0.9	0.107	2.9±0.9	3.0±0.8	0.608
HBPM practice
Own their BP devices (%) yes	44 (86.3%)	74 (78.7%)	0.265	52 (60.4%)	38 (65.5%)	0.539	96 (70.1%)	112 (73.7%)	0.495
No	7 (13.7%)	20 (21.3%)		34 (39.5%)	20 (34.5%)		41 (29.9%)	40 (26.3%)
Measure BP at home in the past 6 months (%) Yes	39 (76.5%)	74 (78.7%)	0.755	49 (57.0%)	34 (58.6%)	0.845	88 (64.2%)	108 (71.1%)	0.215
No	12 (23.5%)	20 (21.3%)		37 (43.0%)	24 (41.3%)		49 (35.8%)	44 (28.9%)
Frequency of HBPM More than once weekly	33 (64.7%)	70 (74.5%)	0.216	45 (52.3%)	29 (50.0%)	0.784	78 (56.9%)	99 (65.1%)	0.153
Less than once weekly	18 (35.3%)	24 (25.5%)		41 (47.7%)	29 (50.0%)		59 (43.1%)	53 (34.9%)
HBPM knowledge
HBPM Assessment Score (%) (N=272)† Full Mark (all correct)	12 (24.1%)	63 (71.6%)	<0.001	15 (19.0%)	35 (63.6%)	<0.001	27 (20.9%)	98 (68.5%)	<0.001
At least one item incorrect	38 (76.0%)	25 (28.4%)		64 (81.0%)	20 (36.4%)		102 (79.1%)	45 (31.5%)

*P value of proportions by Pearson χ² tests; continuous variables by Student’s t-tests.
†17 participants refuse to answer knowledge score 6 month post-intervention
BP, blood pressure; HBPM, home blood pressure monitoring; HL, health literacy; HT, hypertension; RAMP, Risk Assessment and Management Programme.