Table 1

Selected causes of encephalitis4 8 28

Infectious causesImmune-mediated causes
Virus
Herpes simplex virus
Japanese encephalitis virus
Enteroviruses
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella zoster virus
West Nile virus
Human herpesviruses 6 and 7
Epstein-Barr virus
Human immunodeficiency virus
Rabies virus		Autoantibody-mediated
NMDAR
AMPAR
GABA A/B
LGI1
CASPR2
IgLON5
MOG including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Bacteria
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Listeria monocytogenes
Treponema pallidum		 
Fungi
Histoplasma capsulatum
Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida spp.
Aspergillus spp.		 
Parasites
Plasmodium spp.
Toxoplasma gondii		 

  • AMPAR, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor; CASPR2, contactin-associated protein-like 2; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; IgLON5, immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule 5; LGI1, leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; NMDAR, N-methyl D-aspartate receptor.