Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies

Authors	Original samples	Patients setting	Types of statin	Samples (matched)	PSM ratio	Age (years)	Male (%)	CVD (%)	T2DM (%)	HT (%)	Statin use	Outcome	Adjustment	NOS
Cariou et al 20	NR	Hospitalised	Unknown	2449	1:1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Routine. Continuation unclear	28 days	IPTW	8
Fan et al 15	2147	Hospitalised	Atorvastatin (69.9) Rosuvastatin (29.6) Pravastatin (0.5%)	512	1:1	65	41	21	20	51	Routine and continued in-hospital	In-hospital	Multivariable Cox-regression age, gender, TC, triglyceride, LDL, procalcitonin, BNP	8
Gupta et al 12	2626	Hospitalised	Unknown	1296	1:1	70	45	14	47	68	Routine	In-hospital (30 days)	Multivariable logistic regression age, gender, comorbidities, medications	8
Lee et al 16	10 448	Hospitalised	All	1599	1:2	65	34	19	57	71	Routine. Continuation unclear	60 days	Multivariable Cox-regression age, sex, history of comorbidities	8
Oh et al 17	7780	Hospitalised	Unknown	2333	1:1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Routine and continued in-hospital	In-hospital	Multivariable logistic regression factors unclear	8
Peymani et al 18	150	Outpatients+hospitalised	Atorvastatin (94.7) Rosuvastatin (2.7) Simvastatin (2.7)	150	1:1	63	59	2	21	29	Routine and continued	27 days	Multivariable Cox-regression factors unclear	8
Saeed et al 19	4252	Hospitalised	Atorvastatin (76) Pravastatin (5) Rosuvastatin (1) Simvastatin (18)	1802	1:1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	In-hospital	In-hospital	IPTW	9
Zhang et al 13	13 981	Hospitalised	Atorvastatin (83.2) Rosuvastatin (15.6)	4305	1:4	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	In-hospital	28 days	Multivariable logistic regression age, gender, and SpO₂ at admission	8

Age, male, CVD, T2DM and HT refer to the PSM cohort.
BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; HT, hypertension; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; N/A, not applicable/available; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; PSM, propensity-score matching; SpO₂, O₂ saturation; TC, total cholestrol; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.