Main characteristics of randomised controlled trials in this meta-analysis of ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture and epidural catheterisation
Study | Year | Country | Patients (n) | Population | Setting | Procedure | Equipment | Operator experience |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grau25 | 2001 | Germany | 36/36 | Parturients with presumed difficult puncture | LD | EC | NA | Not reported |
Grau26 | 2002 | Germany | 150/150 | Parturients scheduled for caesarean section or vaginal dilivery | LD | EC | Sonoace 6000, 5.0 MHz curved array probe (Kretz, Marl, Germany) | Not reported |
Grau27 | 2004 | Germany | 20/10 | Obstetric patients scheduled for caesarean section | LD | CSE | Logiq 400, 7.5 MHz linear array probe | Not reported |
Pisupati34 | 2004 | USA | 14/19 | Adults | ED | LP | Not reported | Not reported |
Nomura28 | 2007 | USA | 24/22 | Adults | ED | LP | SonoSite (Bothell, WA, USA), 5–10 MHz linear probe | Postgraduate year 2 residents who had fulfilled the ED |
Lee29 | 2008 | Korea | 29/32 | Adults | ED | LP | Sonosite MicroMaxx, 2–5 MHz curved probe | Not reported |
Cho30 | 2009 | Korea | 30/30 | Adults >60 years old | ED | LP | Sonosite MicroMaxx, 2–5 MHz curved probe | Not reported |
Vallejo31 | 2010 | Canada | 189/181 | Laboring parturients | LD | EC | The Sonosite MicroMaxx ultrasound system (Sonosite), 2–5 MHz curved probe | Residents had no more than five epidural placement attempts |
Chin32 | 2011 | Canada | 60/60 | Adults with difficult surface anatomic landmark | OR | LP | NA | Anesthetists with more than 5 years of clinical experience in regional anaesthesia or consultant |
Mofid33 | 2011 | Iran | 40/40 | Adults | ED | LP | NA | Not reported |
Kawaguchi35 | 2011 | Japan | 12/12 | Adults scheduled scheduled to undergo total replacement of a hip joint | OR | EC | Logiq Book XP with 3 C-RS 2–5 MHz convex probe | Not reported |
Wang41 | 2012 | China | 30/30 | Obese parturients scheduled for caesarean section | LD | CSE |
| Anaesthetist with more than 10 years of experience in obstetric anaesthesia |
Abdelhamid36 | 2013 | Egypt | 45/45 | Adults | A block room | LP | Sonosite S-Nerve (Sonosite) ultrasound machine, a low-frequency (2–5 MHz) | Not reported |
Sahin37 | 2013 | Germany | 50/50 | Parturients scheduled for caesarean section | LD | LP | A Esaote Mylab 30 (Florence, Italy, convex transducer of 2–5 MHz) | Operator who with extensive experience |
Nassar44 | 2014 | Egypt | 55/55 | Parturients scheduled for vaginal dilivery | LD | CSE | 2–5 MHz, Sonosite MicroMaxx Ultrasound System English, USA | Operator with more than 10 years of experience |
Ansari12 | 2014 | United Arab Emirates | 75/75 | Obstetric patients scheduled for caesarean section | LD | LP | (GE, Solingen, Germany), 4CRS 2–5.5 MHz broadband multifrequency probe | Anesthetists with experience in ultra sound-guided neuraxial block (each had performed between 200 and 300 ultrasound-guided neuraxial blocks) |
Peterson14 | 2014 | USA | 50/50 | Adults | ED | LP | Aloka SSD 1400 US machin(Aloka, Wallingfod, CT), 3.5 MHz convex array or a 7.5 MHz linear array probe | Operators performed at least 10 previous successful LPs by their own report |
Lim45 | 2014 | Singapore | 85/85 | Adults | OR | LP |
| Anaesthetists experienced in ultrasound-assisted neuraxial block |
Mrcpi46 | 2015 | Ireland | 50/50 | Adults scheduled for elective total joint replacements | OR | LP | Ultrasound unit (SonixTablet, Peabody, MA) with a curved 2–5 MHz probe | Anaesthesiologists had performed >75 neuraxial ultrasound scans before the study |
Creaney11 | 2016 | Ireland | 10/10 | Obstetric patients scheduled for caesarean section | LD | LP | Sonosite NanoMaxx C60, 2–5 MHz | Anaesthetists had completed 10 LPs with ultrasound guidance |
Lahham13 | 2016 | USA | 71/87 | Adults | ED | LP | Sonosite Fujifilm, 10–5 MHz linear array probe | Resident physician |
Perna47 | 2017 | Italy | 30/28 | Obstetric patients scheduled for vaginal or caesarean dilivery | LD | EC | Sonosite NanoMaxx, 5-2 MHz C60n Convex probe | Anaesthetist with experience of more than 150 epidural procedures yearly |
Elsharkawy43 | 2017 | USA | 14/18 | Adults with predicted difficult anatomy | OR | LP | GE Venue 40 (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) or Sonosite S-Nerve, low frequency (2–5 MHz) transducer | Anaesthesiologists experienced with previously performed at least 10 ultrasound-guided spinal anesthet ics prior to study initiation |
Auyong38 | 2017 | USA | 33/37 | Adults undergoing any thoracicor upper abdominal surgery | OR | EC | Not reported | Not reported |
Abraham39 | 2018 | Canada | 20/20 | Adults | Outpatient neuromuscular clinic. | LP | General Electric LOGIQ S7 Expert, Toronto, Canada, 5 MHz (ML2-5) | Not reported |
Li42 | 2018 | China | 40/40 | Obese parturients scheduled for caesarean section | LD | LP | M-Turbo ultrasound machine (GE, Solingen, Germany), a low-frequency (2–5 MHz) curvilinear probe. | Three anaesthesiologists with 3 years of clinical expe rience in spinal anaesthesia |
Ghisi16 | 2019 | Italy | 47/52 | Adults scheduled for lower limb surgery | OR | LP | Accuro, Rivanna Medical, Praesidia Medical Devices, via dei Lapidari 19, Bologna, Italy | Anaesthesiologists skilled in both tech niques with a 25 or 27 G needle |
Rizk17 | 2019 | USA | 120/60 | Adults scheduled for elective surgery | OR | LP | The Sonosite with a low frequency (2–5 MHz) curvilinear probe | Anaesthesiologist trained and experienced in ultrasound-assisted neuraxial block. |
CSE, combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia; ED, emergency department; EC, epidural catheterisation; LD, labour and delivery suite; LP, lumbar puncture; NA; OR, operating room.