Mechanism of anaphylaxis9 13 28 51–54
| Mechanism | Trigger |
| IgE mediated | Food (eg, nuts, milk, shellfish), insect venom, β-lactams, NMBA (eg, suxamethonium), latex, occupational allergens (wheat flour in bakers), semen, aeroallergens |
| Non-IgE immune mediated (IgM or IgG mediated cytotoxicity, immune complexes, leukotrienes, activation of complement, kalikrein-kinin and coagulation cascade) | Radio-contrast media, dextran, gelatin, NSAID, some biologics |
| Direct, non-immune mediated mast cell activation | Exercise, cold, drugs (vancomycin, opioids) |
IG, immunoglobulin; NMBA, neuromuscular blocking agents; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.