Category and causes of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
| Category | Causes |
| Postinfectious | Viral |
| Bacterial | |
| Fungal | |
| Atypical mycobacteria15 | |
| ABPA | |
| COPD16–18 | |
| Idiopathic | |
| Traction | Post-tuberculosis fibrosis |
| Post-radiation fibrosis | |
| Fibrosis (eg, sarcoidosis) | |
| Collagen vascular diseases | |
| Twisting or displacement of the airways after lobar resection | |
| Inhalation/aspiration | Inhalation of corrosive substances |
| Aspiration of foreign body | |
| Obstruction | Benign bronchogenic tumours |
| Broncholithiasis | |
| Enlarged lymph nodes | |
| Amyloidosis22 | Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis |
| Secondary amyloidosis | |
| Coeliac disease28 | |
| Endometriosis30 | |
| Yellow nail syndrome | |
| Young's syndrome35 36 | |
| Immunological abnormalities | Primary |
| Common variable immune deficiency | |
| Congenital agammaglobulinaemia | |
| Hyper IgE (Job) syndrome14 Etc. | |
| Secondary | |
| Chemotherapy | |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | |
| Cancer (eg, chronic lymphatic leukaemia) | |
| Congenital abnormalities | Anatomic |
| Scoliosis, pectus excavatum19 | |
| Marfan syndrome | |
| Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier–Kuhn syndrome) | |
| Pulmonary sequestration | |
| Williams–Campbell syndrome | |
| Other | |
| Primary ciliary dyskinesia (Kartagener syndrome) | |
| α1-antitrypsin deficiency | |
| Defective ENaC protein20 | |
| Diffuse panbronchiolitis21 | |
| Relapsing polychondritis | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis23–26 | |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus27 | |
| Sjögren29 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | |
| Inflammatory bowel disease31–34 |
ABPA, allergic brochopulmonary aspergillosis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.