Complications of untreated pulmonary AVMs
| Feature | Mean (%) | Range (%) | No of cases* |
|---|---|---|---|
| *Number of published cases in which frequency of feature assessed. | |||
| CVA, cerebrovascular accident; TIA, transient ischaemic attack. | |||
| Respiratory | |||
| Asymptomatic | 49 | 25–58 | 260 |
| Dyspnoea | 49 | 27–71 | 483 |
| Chest pain | 14 | 6–18 | 198 |
| Haemoptysis | 11 | 4–18 | 479 |
| Haemothorax | <1 | 0–2 | 192 |
| Cyanosis | 30 | 9–73 | 275 |
| Clubbing | 32 | 6–68 | 267 |
| Bruit | 49 | 25–58 | 263 |
| Embolic phenomena | |||
| Cerebral abscess | 9 | 0–25 | 368 |
| CVA or TIA | 27 | 11–55 | 401 |