Table 1
Features of the World Health Organization (WHO), European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR), National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP-III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions of metabolic syndrome
| WHO (WHO consultation, 1999). Impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes and/or insulin resistance and two other factors | EGIR (Balkau and Charles, 199910). Presence of fasting hyperinsulinaemia (the highest 25%) and two other factors | ATP-III (NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, 2001). Three or more of the following factors (TAGs and HDL counted separately) | IDF. Central obesity and two other factors (www.idf.org) | |
| Central obesity | WHR ⩾0.9 (men), 0.85 (women) and/or BMI >30 kg/m2 | Waist ⩾94 cm (men), ⩾80 cm (women) | Waist ⩾102 cm (men), >88 cm (women) | Waist >94 cm (European men), >90 cm (Asian men), >80 cm (women) |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | ⩾140/90 | ⩾140/90 or treated for hypertension | >130/85 or treated for hypertension | ⩾130 SBP or ⩾85 DBP or treated for hypertension |
| Dyslipidaemia (mmol/l) | TAGs ⩾1.7, HDL <0.9 (men), <1.0 (women) | TAGs ⩾2.0 or HDL-cholesterol <1.0 or treated for dyslipidaemia | TAGs ⩾1.7, HDL-cholesterol: <1.0 (men), <1.3 (women) | TAGs ⩾1.7, HDL-cholesterol, <1.04 (men), <1.29 (women) |
| Dysglycaemia (mmol/l) | Fasting glucose ⩾6.1 and/or 2 h post-challenge glucose ⩾7.8 on diabetes | Fasting plasma glucose >6.1, but non-diabetic | Fasting plasma glucose ⩾6.1 | Fasting glucose ⩾5.6 or previous diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes |
| Insulin resistance | Glucose uptake during hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp in lowest quartile for population | Presence of fasting hyperinsulinaemia (ie, among the highest 25% of the non-diabetic population) | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Other factors | WHO (WHO consultation, 1999). Impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes and/or insulin resistance and two other factors) | EGIR (Balkau and Charles, 199910). Presence of fasting hyperinsulinaemia (the highest 25%) and two other factors | Microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate >20 μg/min or albumin/creatinine ratio >30 mg/g) | None |
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BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TAG, triacylglycerol; WHR, waist/hip ratio.
