Evolving immunotherapeutic strategies in bladder and renal cancer
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Correspondence to: Mr T R L Griffiths Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; TRLG1le.ac.uk
- Received 7 August 2003
- Accepted 3 November 2003
Abstract
For patients with urological cancers, immunotherapy is currently a treatment option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and those with “high risk” superficial bladder cancers. In this review, our current understanding of tumour immune escape is discussed. The principles and role of current immunotherapies for these tumours are described, and new areas of immunotherapeutic promise are highlighted.
- BCG, bacille Calmette-Guérin
- ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
- EORTC-GU, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Group
- IFN-α, interferon-alfa
- IFN-γ, interferon-gamma
- IL, interleukin
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NK, natural killer
- NKT, natural killer T
- RCC, renal cell carcinoma
- SWOG, Southwest Oncology Group
- TCC, transitional cell carcinoma







