IMAGES IN MEDICINE
"X marks the spot" is not a pleural guarantee
1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
2 Department of Radiology, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to Dr A Medford, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, Leicestershire, UK; andrewmedford@hotmail.com
Keywords: chest imaging; thoracic medicine; risk management; computed tomography; ultrasound
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Case history
A lady in her eighth decade with a history of left ventricular dysfunction and previous mitral valve replacement was admitted with a 2-month history of dyspnoea, ankle swelling and weight loss. She had signs of a moderate right-sided pleural effusion in addition to her expected cardiac signs. A thoracic ultrasound (TUS) was performed and a suitable site marked with the patient sitting erect (fig 1).
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Figure 1 Thoracic ultrasound confirming moderate right effusion (depth 7.5 cm) with no loculations. Collapsed right lower lobe base is seen. Right hemidiaphragm, liver and dilated inferior vena cava are noted.
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A diagnostic tap was attempted on the next day with the patient sitting in the same upright position and at the site of the marked location (her warfarin having been stopped well before and switched to heparin cover appropriately). Heavily blood-stained fluid was aspirated and the procedure was stopped. She developed a much larger
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