Review
Management of neurogenic dysphagia
A M O BakheitStroke Unit, Mount
Gould Hospital, Plymouth PL4 7QD, UK
Correspondence to: Professor Bakheit
Submitted 23 February
2001;
Accepted 2 July 2001
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
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Introduction |
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Dysphagia is common in patients with neurological disorders. It may result from lesions in the central or peripheral nervous system as well as from diseases of muscle and disorders of the neuromuscular junction. Drugs that are commonly used in the management of neurological conditions may also precipitate or aggravate swallowing difficulties in some patients. Neurogenic dysphagia often results in serious complications, including pulmonary aspiration, dehydration, and malnutrition. These complications are usually preventable if the dysphagia is recognised early and managed appropriately.
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Physiological mechanisms of neurogenic dysphagia |
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The act of swallowing may be viewed as three discrete but
inter-related physiological stages: the oral, pharyngeal, and
oesophageal phases. The oral phase is initiated voluntarily and serves
to prepare the food bolus and deliver it to the pharynx. An adequately prepared and sufficiently large and cohesive food bolus triggers the
swallow reflex by stimulating the sensory receptive field in the soft
palate, dorsum of the tongue, epiglottis, and
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