REVIEW
Important cutaneous manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease
Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, USA
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr L B Trost
Department of Dermatology, A61, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA; TrostL{at}ccf.org
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has many extraintestinal manifestations. Cutaneous manifestations are usually related to the activity of the bowel disease but may have an independent course. Anyone presenting with IBD should be examined for cutaneous manifestations. Pyoderma gangrenosum is a severe painful ulcerating disease that requires moist wound management and, in the absence of secondary infection, systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporine, or both. Infliximab may also be used. Erythema nodosum is a common cause of tender red nodules of the shins. Management includes leg elevation, NSAIDs, and potassium iodide. Oral manifestations of IBD include aphthous stomatitis, mucosal nodularity (cobblestoning), and pyostomatitis vegetans. Treatment should be directed both at the cutaneous lesions and at the underlying systemic condition.
Abbreviations: IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CD, Crohn’s disese; UC, ulcerative colitis; PG, pyoderma gangrenosum; EN, erythema nodosum
Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease; pyoderma gangrenosum; erythema nodosum; aphthous stomatitis
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