REVIEW

Assessment and management of pain in infants

P J Mathew¹, J L Mathew²

¹ Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
² Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr Joseph L Mathew, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India 160012;
jlmathew{at}hotmail.com or jlm{at}rediffmail.com

Infants, including newborn babies, experience pain similarly and probably more intensely than older children and adults. They are also at risk of adverse long term effects on behaviour and development, through inadequate attention towards pain relief in early life. However, the issue of analgesia in young babies has been largely neglected in most clinical settings, despite subjecting them to painful diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Several therapeutic and preventive strategies, including systemic and local pharmacological and non-pharamacological interventions, are reported to be effective in relieving pain in infants. A judicious application of these interventions, backed by awareness and sensitivity to pain perception, on the part of the caregivers is likely to yield the best results. This article is a review of the mechanisms of pain perception, objective assessment, and management strategies of pain in infants.

Keywords: pain; analgesia; infant

Abbreviations: GABA, gamma-amino butyric acid; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Murrell, J. C., Psatha, E. P., Scott, E. M., Reid, J., Hellebrekers, L. J. (2008). Application of a modified form of the Glasgow pain scale in a veterinary teaching centre in the Netherlands. Vet Rec. 162: 403-408 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van der Pal, S., Maguire, C. M., Le Cessie, S., Veen, S., Wit, J. M., Walther, F. J., Bruil, J. (2008). Parental Stress and Child Behavior and Temperament in the First Year After the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program. Journal of Early Intervention 30: 102-115 [Abstract]  
• Aissaoui, Y., Zeggwagh, A. A., Zekraoui, A., Abidi, K., Abouqal, R. (2005). Validation of a Behavioral Pain Scale in Critically Ill, Sedated, and Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Anesth. Analg. 101: 1470-1476 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pitetti, R. D. (2005). Do no harm -- but first, do not hurt. CMAJ 172: 1699-1699 [Full Text]