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Postgraduate Medical Journal 2001;77:759-764; doi:10.1136/pmj.77.914.759
© 2001 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine.
Postgrad Med J 2001;77:759-764 ( December )

Review

Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia A Rastergara, M Soleimanib

a Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, b Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

Correspondence to: Dr M Soleimani, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB 5502, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0585, USA Manoocher.Soleimani{at}uc.edu

Submitted 8 September 2000; Accepted 14 June 2001

Disturbances in potassium homoeostasis presenting as low or high serum potassium are common, especially among hospitalised patients. Given the fact that untreated hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality, it is critical to recognise and treat these disorders promptly. In this article, normal potassium homoeostasis is reviewed initially and then a pathophysiological approach to work-up and management of hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia is presented. Recent advances with respect to the role of kidney in handling of the potassium, the regulation of renal ion transporters in hypokalaemia, and treatment of hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia will be discussed.


Keywords: hypokalaemia; hyperkalaemia; potassium

© 2001 by The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine
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