Review
HIV medicine
Cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immune
deficiency syndrome
K G Au Eonga, S Beattya, S J Charlesb
a Department of
Ophthalmology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, b Manchester Royal Eye
Hospital, Manchester, UK
Correspondence to: Mr KG Au Eong, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Manchester, Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WH, UK
Accepted 28 April 1999
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common intra-ocular
infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS),
and a leading cause of AIDS-related morbidity. Untreated CMV retinitis
in AIDS patients is a progressive and potentially blinding disorder.
The diagnosis of CMV retinitis is a clinical one and it is important
for physicians to be familiar with the clinical features of the
disease. Ophthalmic screening of AIDS sufferers should be undertaken at
regular intervals, and this is dictated, in part, by the patient's
CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4) counts. CMV retinitis may be treated with
systemic ganciclovir, foscarnet or cidofovir, or with local
(intravitreal) therapy. CMV-related retinal detachment is treated
surgically. In some patients with quiescent CMV retinitis receiving
highly active anti-retroviral therapy, anti-CMV maintenance therapy may
be discontinued in favour of close ophthalmologic observation and CD4
count monitoring.
Keywords: AIDS; cytomegalovirus retinopathy; ocular infection
© 1999 by The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine
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